Henri joseph piron



No. |o,6s9. Patented sept. la, |898.`

H. J..P|R.0N.

HOT AIB HEATING APPARATUS.

'(Appucation med oct. 1e, 1896.)

(No Model. sneaky-sheet I. 15-1- 12-3 /4// I f l a 4 d y C l ,T 7 l a I 1 1 (f x l 2-/ Q ---2 l e 6., [X I U q1' l ,5 l al f (Applictmn mea oct. 16 1896.)

(No Modem) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2- NTTEE i' FTATES a PATENT TETEE.

HENRIA JOSEPH PIRON, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

, HOTx-AIR "H EATING APPARATUS.

sPECIEIcATIoN forming'part of Letters Patent Ivo. `61o,e89,`t1ate 1 september 13, 189s. Application and october 16,1896. stanno'. 609,139. montati.) Patented in Bagan october 2c, 1291.110. 96,933 in France .Tammy 27, 1892, No. 218,977; in spain-.Maj

T0 a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRI JOSEPH PIRON, manufacturer, a subject of'the King of Bel' gium, residing at Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, have invented anew and useful Im-y provement in Hot-Air., Heating Apparatus, (for which patents have been obtained in Belgium October 28, 1891, No. 96,983; in France January 27, 1892, No. 218,977; in Spain May 9, 1898, No. 14,578; in Switzerland September 25, 1896, No. 14,244, and in Austria October 2, 1896, No. 47/828,) of which `the following is a full, clear, andexact description. a

rlhe essential characteristic of a heating apparatus of ordinary construction for heating is generally represented by an ordinary grate-hearth having its back to theheatingchamber traversed by the ltubes for the products of combustion passinginto the adjoin ing chimney. The operation of such appa. ratus consists of heating to a Vfull red heat the iron tubes traversing the`chamber in which the air admitted Ifrom outside is to re-4 ceive its heat in order that -it may subsequently pass into the heating-channels of the building. This system of heating presents two very serious drawbacks, one of which is of an economic kind-namely, the consumption of an undue quantity of fuel-and the other of a hygienic nature-that it renders the air unsuitable for breathing, owing to its passage over the superheated surface.

A perfect hot-air apparatus tshould be constructed in such a manner thatV with a mini-` mum amount of fuela maximum'ofyheatingsurface can be always maintained at the comparatively low temperature of 80 to 100, en` abling the heating-channels to be supplied with quantities of air in excess at this tem-` perature and which is nevertheless unspoiled. This desired result is obtained'by the new system of hot-air apparatus which formsthe subject of this invention and which is represented in the annexed drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a complete heating apparatus. g Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the sameon the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse 'section of the fireplace at the grate portion on the line 3 3, Fig. 1, the air-chamber and heating-chamber being 9, 1893, N0l41578i 111" SWlZ'llallt-i September 25, 1896, N0- 14,244 and inAustria October'Z, 1896,'N0r47/828.' I

-formedwith gills, and the means for connectingthese segments one with the other.I v Fig. 5 is a partial vertical section of the same. Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line 6 6, Fig. 7, and Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on the line 7 7, Fig. 6, of one of the conduits for the passage of air intothe heating-chamber, formed with interior gills. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of my systemv of briclIWorlI for the fireplace. Figs. 9 and 10 represent, respectively, a vertical section on the line 9 9, Fig. lO, and a horizontal section on the line 10 10, Fig. 7, showing a modification of the heating apparatus provided with a central tube of cast-iron and with gills and having an inclined feeding-con duit, also of rcast-iron, delivering the fuel directly and'autom atically upon the grate of the fireplace. This heating apparatus is distinguished from the constructions already known by a very well defined combination of itsessential elements. The hot-air chamber X, of refractory briclrwork, is by preference cylindrical and has a double wall. In the air-chamber is placed concentrically a large cast -iron chamber E, into which the 'products of combustion are discharged from the fire-pot and in which they leave almost the whole of their heat, and in-the center of this chamber there rises directly from the fireplace, which is placed radially'below the combustion-chamber, a vertical flue O, conveying by its upper radial aperture O the combustion-gases of the fireplace into the circulation-chamber, from whence they proceed to the chimney. The hearth F, of brickwork, is distinguished, essentially, by its general arrangement, converging laterally toward its rear extremity into circular form, surmounted by the vertical iiue O. ,a

The smoke-consuming flue C traverses at the center and throughout all itsheight the circular heating-chamber E for `the heating of the air. This chamber E, which is entirely by groups of tubes T, having internal' gills t2 and forming air-conduits, each group being separated from its neighbor group by radial baffles C2, alternately open below and above, and each group forming thus a sector on the chamber,containing a number of tubes corresponding to the size of the chamber.

The envelop E, with exterior gills e, is composed of a certain number of segments joined together by overlapping pieces. These overlaps are secured together by means of bolts b, passing through an asbestos strip a, interposed` in the joints, which are thus rendered hermetically tight in order to prevent the gases of combustion from intermingling with the heated air. Above and below the edges of `the segments are inserted into circular grooves r of the top and bottom plates C and also provided with an asbestos strip a, so as to obtain the same hermetic closing as those of the longitudinal joints.

A tube T' unites the chambers E with the chimney. The conduits or tubes T present a very great heating-surface by reason of the novel-application of interior gills t2, which give a practical result of great efficiency and,moreover, render the said tubes very much more firm in all directions. In order that they may be. inserted automatically in the top and bottom plates C of the chambers, they are providedv with collars c near their ends, which seat in corresponding recesses in the top and bottom plates, the said recesses c being also provided with asbestos rings a, placed upon the edges of the apertures, the whole being finally firmly fixed together, so as to form perfectly tight joints.

The addition of the gills t2 to the interior tubes T and the gills e upon the exterior of the chamber E has the effect of cooling the cast-iron of which the heating-surface is formed and of preventing it becoming redhot, a very important advantage in hot-air apparatus, because in this manner the air destined for respiration never comes into contact with red-hot metallic surfaces. It results from this that the carbonio-oxid gas, which is always found in greater or less quantity among the gases of combustion, cannot traverse the walls and mix with the outer air, and this air, being only heated to a temperature below 1000 centigrade, does not develop tny deleterious property harmful to organic ife.

The operation of my improved heating apparatus, which is composed of elements above set forth, is as follows: The lighting of the fuel upon the grate, being actuated and assisted by the double doors p of the grate, for the preliminary heating of the air entering the furnace discharges into the central refractory flue rich gases, which are chemically consumed by the high temperature which prevails there so completely that the same only discharges through its upper side opening O very hot gases, completely free from all material particles, into the heating-chamber E, where the said hot gases flow successively over each section of the battery of tubes or conduits T for air, to which they give up all their heat in passing first below the first bafiie C2, then above the second baffle, then again below the third baffle, and so on in order, until they pass above the last and finally escape into the chimney by the tube T at the same time as all the batteries receive the heat radiating from the refractory flue. The intake of air being at K below the chamber of the batteries the outer pure air rises in the conduits having the gills and is warmed in passing through them and then accumulates above the upper covering-plate, whence it passes to the registers for this purpose, which are provided in connection with the flues. The said warming-fines, being only heated by gases containing no solid matter and by radiation, never become red-hot and cannot injure the air, which is always pure and cannot absorb any trace of carbonic oxid, and this temperature may be obtained and maintained by means of a very small amount of fuel by reason of the arrangement of the furnace and of the smoke-consuming flue, whereby the desired result is obtained, consisting in the heat- `ing to alow temperature (S00 to 100) of very large quantities of air by aid of a minimum quantity of fuel, which is indispensable to fulfil the essential conditions of a perfect air-heating apparatus-namely, hygiene and economy. The furnace may be fed with coal, wood, charcoal, coke, or any other suitable fuel.

The system of hot-air heating apparatus hereinbefore described may be arranged in such a manner as to operate with continuous feed, as is represented in vertical and horizontal section in Figs. 9 and 10. As may be seen, the heating-chamber is identically similar to that already described, except that the smoke-consuming iue A, placed at the center, is of cast-iron instead of being of refractory material. The furnace possesses a form similar to that above described; but its walls are formed of an iron casting D, provided with 'gills upon its exterior surface. The upper face of the fire-box is provided with a rectangular tube H, inclined at an angle of forty-five degrees, into which there discharges a chute or funnel I, of cast-iron, of the same section, closed at its upper end by means of the cover M. It is in this chute that the fuel to be fed to the fire for a'given time is placed. The fuel supplies itself automatically to the grate. The draft of air under the grate is regulated by thescrew closing device N, which admits of the opening by which the air enters being regulated more or less and also of putting the apparatus on slow combustion--that is to say, of only allowing a very small quantity of air, absolutely necessary, to enter in order to pre- IOO IIO

vent the fire from burning out for a certain 4 P is an opening closed by a lid, which enables the combustion to be examined and by which the grate may be closed when necessary.

The advantages of this type of heating apparatus in addition to those already indicated are that it requires absolutely no superintendence. lVhen once the chute is filled with fuel for a given period of time and the opening for the air regulated, there is nothing more to be done. The combustion proceeds regularly until all the fuel has been consumed. Moreover, When the heating apparatus is not required to operate for a certain time it is not necessary to allow it to go out, and itmay be allowed to continue to burn With a very slow combustion by regulating suitably the draft of air so as to consume a very tri'fiing quantity of fuel.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. A hot-air heating apparatus comprising the hearth converging laterally toward its rear end, the vertical central flue having a radial opening at the top and. surmounting the rear end of the hearth, the isolated chan1- bersurroundingl the central flue having radial baflles open alternately at the bottom and at the top of the chamber, and the vertical airtubes open at bottom and top of the chamber and located therein between the baffles; substantially as described.

2. A hot-air heating apparatus comprising` the hearth converging laterally toward its rear end, the vertical central flue having a radial opening at the top and surmounting the rear end of the hearth, the isolated chamber surrounding the central flue having radial exterior gills, and radial interior baffles open alternately at the bottom and at the top of the chamber, and the vertical air-tubes and open at the bottom and top of the chamber and located therein between the baiiies; sub-` stantially as described.

3. A hot-air heating apparatus comprising the hearth converging laterally toward its rear end, the vertical central flue having radial opening at the top and surinounting the rear end of the hearth, the isolated chamber surroundin g the central flue having radial eX- terior gills, and radial interior baffles open alternately at the bottom and at the top of the chamber, and the vertical air-tubes having interior gills and open at the bottom and top of the chamber and located therein between the baffles; ,substantiall y as described.

HENRI `JOSEPH PIRON.

Witnesses:

AUG. JoERissEN, GREGORY PHELAN. 

